Phosphate reserves in Arab countries represent an exceptional geological treasure, positioning the region as a key player in a global market as strategic as oil and gas.
Beyond their mineral value, these reserves play a crucial role in global food security by supplying essential fertilizers for agriculture worldwide.
According to the latest data reviewed by the Energy Research Unit, Attaqa (based in Washington), seven Arab countries together hold nearly 59.75 billion tonnes of the world’s confirmed phosphate reserves, which are estimated at 74 billion tonnes.
This figure represents 80.7% of total global reserves, underlining the geopolitical importance of the region in global economic balances.
Phosphate reserves in arab countries in 2024
According to a report from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Morocco dominates the ranking both regionally and globally. Here are the key figures:
- Morocco: 50 billion tonnes
- Egypt: 2.8 billion tonnes
- Tunisia: 2.5 billion tonnes
- Algeria: 2.2 billion tonnes
- Jordan: 1 billion tonnes
- Saudi Arabia: 1 billion tonnes
- Syria: 250 million tonnes
North African nations alone hold around 57.5 billion tonnes of phosphate, which accounts for 77.7% of the global total.
Morocco : The undisputed leader
With 50 billion tonnes, Morocco alone holds 67.5% of the world’s phosphate reserves, solidifying its position as the top global exporter. Exploitation began there in 1921, and today the sector generates nearly 21,000 direct jobs, contributes to 3% of the national GDP, and represents 20% of the country’s exports.
Egypt: The region’s second largest player
With 2.8 billion tonnes (or 3.78% of global reserves), Egypt ranks third globally. Mining activities began in 1897, with deposits located in the Nile Valley and desert regions. In 2024, the country produced 5 million tonnes.
The Egyptian government now focuses on local phosphate processing to increase added value, rather than exporting raw materials.
Tunisia and Algeria: major reserves
Tunisia holds 2.5 billion tonnes (3.38% of the global total), placing it fourth worldwide. Its 2024 production reached 3.3 million tonnes. The industry, operated by the Compagnie des Phosphates de Gafsa, has existed since 1896.
Algeria, with 2.2 billion tonnes (2.97% of reserves), ranks sixth globally. Exploitation began in 1894 at Djebel Onk. In 2024, the country produced approximately 2 million tonnes.
Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Syria : medium players
- Jordan: 1 billion tonnes (1.35% of global reserves), 2024 production: 12 million tonnes.
- Saudi Arabia: 1 billion tonnes (1.35%), production: 9.5 million tonnes (notably from the Hazm Al-Jalamid deposits).
- Syria: 250 million tonnes (0.34%), production: 2 million tonnes.
